In the Manifesto, Marx presents the political solution to the economic problem he has outlined. Marx and Engels’ many projects were funded in large part by Engels’ father who owned a cotton mill. The second piece, “The Communist Manifesto” a pamphlet written by Marx and his friend Frederich Engels, as commissioned by the Communist League they helped form in 1846 in Brussels. The first piece, “Estranged Labor” is from Marx’s Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts and is some of his earliest writing. He does not see within the capitalist system freedom for individuals, but a system that strips individuals of everything that makes human beings distinctive-namely the exercise of free will and creativity. By taking capitalism on its own terms as economists have defended and celebrated it before him, Marx then takes capitalism to a different conclusion. Marx provides the most extensive treatment of capitalism in his Capital (1867). He presents one of the most compelling and enduring critiques of capitalism and markets. In adulthood he lived in Paris, Brussels, and finally London. Marx was also in poor health for much of his life. He lived in poverty much of his life with his wife and seven children, only three of whom survived to adulthood. He studied at the University of Berlin where he was influenced by the Young Hegelians. Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German philosopher and activist.
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